Description General description Alpha-synuclein (UniProt: P37840; also known as Non-A beta component of AD amyloid, Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor, NACP) is encoded by the SNCA (also known as NACP, PARK1) gene (Gene ID: 6622) in human. Alpha-synuclein is a membrane-bound protein in dopaminergic neurons that is involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. It is also reported to induce fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau and reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli. Aggregation of alpha-synuclein is known to be a causative factor in the development of Parkinson′s disease (PD), which leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain region. Aggregates of alpha-synuclein are present in Lewy bodies. Alpha-synuclein can be phosphorylated, predominantly on serine residues by casein kinase 1. Phosphorylation of Ser129 is reported to be selective and extensive in synucleinopathy lesions and promotes insoluble fibril formation. Mutations in the SNCA gene produce defective alpha-synuclein that induces conformational changes making it more prone to self-aggregation and deposition in Lewy bodies. Mutant forms of alpha-synuclein impair synaptic vesicle formation, elevate cytoplasmic levels of dopamine, and increases superoxide radicals, which lead to oxidative stress and misfolding of alpha-synuclein. Specificity This rabbit polyclonal antibody specifically recognizes aggregated form of alpha-synuclein. Immunogen Synuclein oligomers from full length human wild-type alpha-synuclein. Application Anti-alpha-Synuclein, oligomer-specific Syn33 Antibody, Cat. No. ABN2265, is a highly specific rabbit polyclonal antibody that targets aggregted alpha-synuclein and has been tested in ELISA, Inhibition, Immunofluorescence, and Western Blotting. Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected alpha-Synuclein, oligomers in brain cortices from Parkinson s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients (Sengupta, U., et. al. (2015). Biol Psychiatry. 78(10):672-83). Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected recombinant alpha-Synuclein, oligomers. (Sengupta, U., et. al. (2015). Biol Psychiatry. 78(10):672-83). Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected recombinant alpha-Synuclein, oligomer. (Courtesy of Dr. Rakez Kayed′s laboratory at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston). ELISA Analysis: A representative lot detected alpha-Synuclein, oligomers in ELISA application (Sengupta, U., et. al. (2015). Biol Psychiatry. 78(10):672-83). Inhibition Analysis: A representative lot inhibited cytotoxicity exerted alpha-synuclein oligomers in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells measured by MTT-based assay (Sengupta, U., et. al. (2015). Biol Psychiatry. 78(10):672-83). Research Category Apoptosis & Cancer Physical form Format: Purified Protein A purified Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in PBS. Storage and Stability Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance. Disclaimer Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals. Quality Evaluated by Western Blotting in Alpha Synuclein aggregate. Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected alpha-Synuclein in alpha Synuclein aggregates. Other Notes Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.