Description General description Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (UniProt: Q9EP73; also known as PD-L1, PDCD1 ligand 1, Programmed death ligand 1, B7 homolog 1, B7-H1, CD274) is encoded by the Cd274 (also known as B7h1, Pdcd1l1, Pdcd1lg1, Pdl1) gene (Gene ID: 50533) in murine species. PD-L1 is a single-pass type I membrane protein that is highly expressed in the heart, thymus, skeletal muscle, and lung. Its expression is also reported on activated dendritic cells, B-cells, and macrophages. Numerous tumor cell lines of lymphoid origin also express PD-L1. PD-L1 expression can be up-regulated by interferon-gamma treatment in monocytes, B cells, and macrophages. PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2 play a key role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, a process by which the quiescence of autoreactive mature T cells is maintained. However, tumors and pathogens that cause chronic infections can exploit this pathway to escape T-cell mediated tumor-specific and pathogen-specific immunity. The effector functions of T-cells expressing PD-1 can be downregulated by PD-L1 or PD-L2 expressed by the tumor cells. PD-L1 is initially produced with signal peptide (aa. 1-18) sequence, the removal of which yields the mature protein with a large extracellular (aa. 19-239) domain, a transmembrane domain (aa 240-260), and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 261-290). Specificity This Armenian hamster monoclonal antibody detects Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in murine species. Immunogen Epitope: extracellular domain Recombinant fragment corresponding to the extracellular domain of Mouse Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Application Anti-PD-L1 B7-H1, clone 10B5, Cat. No. MABC1131, is an Armenian hamster monoclonal antibody that detects Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and has been tested for use in Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Inhibition Function assay. Inhibits Activity/Function Analysis: A representative lot blocked the activity of PD-L1 B7-H1 and inhibited apoptosis of activated alloreactive 2C T cells. (Hirano, F., et. al. (2005). Cancer Res. 65(3):1089-96; Goldberg, M.V., et. al. (2007). Blood. 110(1):186-92; Joshi, T., et. al. (2009). PLoS Pathog. 5(5):e1000431; Liu, X., et. al. (2016). Sci Rep. 6:36722). Flow Cytometry Analysis: A representative lot detected PD-L1 B7-H1 in Flow Cytometry applications (Hirano, F., et. al. (2005). Cancer Res. 65(3):1089-96; Dong, H., et. al. (2004). Immunity. 20(3):327-36). Research Category Apoptosis & Cancer Target description 32.78 kDa calculated. Physical form Format: Purified Protein G purified Purified armenian hamster monoclonal antibody IgG2-IgG3 in PBS without azide. Storage and Stability Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance. Disclaimer Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals. Quality Evaluated by Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) in mouse heart tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:25 dilution of this antibody detected PD-L1 B7-H1 in mouse heart tissue sections. Other Notes Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.