Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ p21-activated kinases are a family of highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by small GTPases of Cdc42 and Rac families. There are 2 groups of PAKs in mammals, group A and B. The group A members are three isoforms, PAK1, PAK2, and PAK3 (also known as α-PAK, γ-PAK, and β-PAK, respectively). PAKs are actively involved in regulation of MAPK pathways by phosphorylation of Raf-1 and MEK-1. They also regulate cytoskeletal reorganization by interaction with GTPases. Autophosphorylation of serine 141 (serine 144 for PAK1 and serine 139 for PAK3), catalyzed by Cdc42, is required for activation of PAK._x000D_ The antibody detects human PAK1 (46% homologous), PAK2, and PAK3 (46% homologous). Other species have not been tested._x000D_ Specificity_x000D_ The antibody is highly selective for the phosphorylated form of PAK and can be used to detect an active form of PAK1, as well as PAK2 and PAK3._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ synthetic phosphopeptide derived from the region of human PAK2 that contains serine 141._x000D_ Application_x000D_ A working dilution of 1:1000 is recommended for immunoblotting detection in Cos cells transiently transfected with PAK1, PAK2, or PAK3, and co-transfected with V12 Cdc42 and grown either as adherent cultures to activate PAK, or placed in suspension to suppress PAK activation._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in Dulbecco′s phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.3, with 50% glycerol, 1.0 mg/mL BSA (IgG and protease free) and 0.05% sodium azide._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.