Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ PROC (protein C) is an anticoagulant and a serine protease. This gene is localized to chromosome 2q13-q14. This protein belongs to a family of proteins which are vitamin-K dependent. PROC is a precursor to activated protein C (APC), which is a glycoprotein, and is produced by thrombin cleavage of an activation signal. It is expressed by endothelial cells, keratinocytes and certain hematopoietic cells. It is also expressed in liver._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ Vitamin K-dependent protein C precursor recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)_x000D_ Application_x000D_ All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org)and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry._x000D_ The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide_x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Legal Information_x000D_ Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Protein C (PROC) forms the anti-coagulation pathway, along with the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR), thrombin, thrombomodulin, and protein S. This pathway is responsible for controlling thrombosis and inflammatory response. It is also thought to decrease endothelial cell death during ischemia and inflammation. It inhibits factors Va and VIIIa, and activates fibrinolysis, to prevent coagulation. There are two types of hereditary PROC deficiency- type I, which has both decreased antigen concentration and enzyme activity, and type II, which has only decreased enzyme activity. These deficiencies result in thrombotic diseases. Compound heterozygous or homozygous deficiencies in PROC gene leads to purpura fulminans and severe form of thromboembolic disease, beginning from the perinatal period. This protein determines the outcome of multiple inflammatory diseases, such as encephalitis and sepsis. In diabetic mice, this protein protects against diabetic nephropathy. It also has potential as a marker for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy._x000D_ Features and Benefits_x000D_ Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section._x000D_ Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:_x000D_ • IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues._x000D_ • Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments._x000D_ • Validated for multiple commonly used applications such as IHC (Immunohistochemistry), IF (Immunofluorescence), and WB (Western Blot)_x000D_ Linkage_x000D_ Corresponding Antigen APREST83061.