Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Plants and microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli are the major sources of D-pantothenic acid. It is water soluble and quite stable to heating._x000D_ Application_x000D_ D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt has been used:_x000D_ • as a component of FMX-turbodoma- derived media_x000D_ • as a supplement in DMEM (Dulbecco′s modified eagle media)/F-12 used for cell proliferation_x000D_ • as a supplement in preadipocyte media_x000D_ Precursor in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A._x000D_ Packaging_x000D_ 100, 500 g in poly bottle_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Along with coenzyme A (CoA, D-pantothenic acid is a precursor for acyl carrier protein. These are essential cofactors involved in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. It also participates in the formation of acetylcholine neurotransmitter. D-pantothenic acid is considered as a source of nutrition and possesses immune function by mediating antibody formation. The production of cortisone is supported by D-pantothenic acid. It is essential for adrenal gland activity._x000D_ Physical properties_x000D_ Due to the unstable, hygroscopic nature of the free acid, the calcium salt is employed.