Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ L-α-Lysophosphatidylcholine is a major plasma lipid, derived from phosphatidylcholines that includes glycerol and sphingoid based lipids with one fatty acid. It is an important cell signaling molecule for G-protein coupled receptors._x000D_ Application_x000D_ L-α-Lysophosphatidylcholine from bovine brain has been used:_x000D_ • to determine the dose-dependent high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in macrophage and monocyte cultures by production of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)_x000D_ • for lysolecithin demyelination of mice brain tissue_x000D_ • for demyelination of axons_x000D_ Packaging_x000D_ 5, 25 mg in glass bottle_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ L-α-Lysophosphatidylcholine possess cytotoxic effects and is present at high level in ischemia and atherosclerotic aortas._x000D_ Lysophosphatidylcholine is a major component of oxidized low density lipoproteins, and has been implicated in various inflammatory reactions, including atherosclerosis. It is a degradation product of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A and has cytolytic properties. The product is used to demyelinate spinal neurons and study the processes underlying remyelination. It activates protein kinase C, p38 MAP kinase, p42 MAP Kinase, and the jun kinase (JNK) pathway, and stimulates transcription of c-jun. Lysophosphatidylcholine accumulates during cardiac ischemia and may induce arrhythmias by uncoupling gap junction communication, and increase ischemic damage by enhancing Na+ loading in cardiac myocytes. It also activates TREK1, TREK2 and TRAAK K+ channels._x000D_ Features and Benefits_x000D_ This compound is featured on the Phospholipase D page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here._x000D_ Other Notes_x000D_ Contains primarily palmitic, stearic and oleic acids.