Description_x000D_ Application_x000D_ The protonophoric activity of S-15176 difumarate salt was studied in mitochondria isolated from livers of Wistar rats.5_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Antioxidant and anti-ischemic agent. Also inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition, prevents the early step in apoptosis by preventing collapse of the electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. IC50 for in vitro lipid peroxidation is 0.3 μM. IC50 for carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) in heart homogenate is 16.8 μM. The shift from fatty acid to glucose oxidation may contribute to anti-ischemic effect._x000D_ S-15176 suppresses the mitochondrial permeability transition in response to calcium ions and inorganic phosphate and inhibits the release of cytochrome c in response to silver ions. It exhibits weak protonophoric activity.5